PARTS OF PLANTS (ADDITIONAL REFERENCE)
MODIFIED ROOTS: Some root modification and their functions
1.Storage of food: In plants like carrot, turnip, radish, sweet potato and beet roots are modified for food storage.
2.Additional support : In a banyan tree we see rope like growths hanging down from the branches which are called prop roots. They are also called Adventitious roots. Adventitious roots are roots that develop from any part other than the radical.
3.Fixation of nitrogen :Plants like peas, beans, groundnut, moong and urad have small swelling on the root which are called root nodules. These nodules contain Rhizobium bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil and thus make the soil fertile. Plants that contain root nodules are called Leguminous plants.
4. Breathing roots :Many mangrove plants that grow in salt lakes and marshy areas develop special roots called pneumatophores or breathing roots for breathing. Such roots grow vertically upwards from the underground roots of the plant and come out of the water or marsh. Each root contains numerous pores for exchange of gases.
MODIFIED STEM
Stems of some plants are modified to perform some additional functions
1.Storage of food: Stems of plants like ginger, and potato develop underground.They become thick & fleshy due to the storage of food.
2.Food manufacture :Cactus grow in deserts,in such plants the stem is modified in to a thick, fleshy & green structure to manufacture food by photosynthesis & also conserve water.Here the spines on the cactus are modified leaves.
3.Defence :In plants like bougainvillea the bud in the stem are modified in to spines or thorns to prevent animals from eating the plant.
MODIFIED LEAVES :
1.Defence : In plants like cactus, date palm the entire leaf or a part of a leaf is modified in to spines for defence & also to prevent water loss.
2.Provide support : In plants such as peas,masur the stems are very weak to stand erect.In such plants leaves are modified in to leaf tendrils to help the weak stem plant to climb up to expose their leaves to sunlight.
3.Reproduction: In some plants like Bryophyllum bud develop in to leaves to grow as a new plant.
DO YOU KNOW
In some plants,leaves are modified to trap insects. Plants like pitcher plant & venus flytrap trap insects and digest to obtain nitrogenous matter are called insectivorous plants.
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